Understanding COVID-19 Exposure and Testing
Navigating the timing for COVID-19 testing after potential exposure is crucial to prevent the spread of the virus and to administer proper care.
Here’s a comprehensive overview of when to get tested and the tests available.
Recommended Timeframes for Testing After Exposure
After exposure to COVID-19, the incubation period—the time between exposure to the virus and onset of symptoms—can vary.
A key factor in determining when to test is whether someone is symptomatic.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests that individuals test at least 5 days after the last exposure.
However, if symptoms develop, an individual should seek testing immediately.
Symptomatic individuals who initially test negative should consider a second test after 48 hours.
Moreover, testing is also recommended just before attending large events or visiting individuals at high risk for severe disease.
Types of COVID-19 Tests and Their Accuracy
COVID-19 testing primarily involves two types of tests: nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), such as PCR tests, and rapid antigen tests.
PCR tests are highly accurate and can detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 even when the viral load is low and before symptoms arise.
On the other hand, rapid antigen tests provide quicker results but are less sensitive than PCR tests.
While they perform best when the viral load is high, typically at the peak of infection, they may not always detect the virus early or late in the course of infection.
At-home tests offer a convenient and quick diagnostic solution and can be either antigen tests or NAATs.
They allow individuals to self-assess and make prompt decisions regarding isolation and seeking medical attention.
What to Do If You Test Positive or Negative
When an individual receives a COVID-19 test result, it is critical to take appropriate actions to prevent the spread of the virus.
Immediate next steps vary depending on whether the test result is positive or negative, and considerations for further testing and precautions should be taken to protect oneself and others.
Immediate Steps After Receiving a COVID-19 Test Result
Upon getting a positive test result, individuals should isolate from others to halt the transmission of the virus. Isolation should last for at least 5 days and can end if symptoms are resolving and the individual has been fever-free for 24 hours without the use of fever-reducing medication.
Wearing a well-fitting mask if one must be around others is essential.
Those with a negative result should still take precautions, especially if symptoms persist since home tests are less reliable and a second test or lab-based PCR test might be needed for more accurate results.
Learn more about the CDC guidance on testing.
Guidance on Quarantine and Isolation
Even for those who are vaccinated, if they come into close contact with someone who tests positive, it’s advised to wear a mask around others for 10 days and get tested on the 5th day following exposure.
Quarantine may not be necessary for individuals who are vaccinated and boosted, whereas unvaccinated individuals should quarantine for at least 5 days.
Following the updated CDC isolation guidance, it’s imperative to understand the protocols to prevent spreading COVID-19.
Considerations for Retesting and Reducing Transmission
According to Verywell Health, a repeat test is necessary before large gatherings or when visiting someone at high risk for severe illness.
If someone has tested positive, they should avoid traveling and visiting healthcare facilities unless seeking care. Asymptomatic individuals still pose a risk of spreading the disease and should follow similar precautions as those with symptoms, such as practicing distancing and improving air quality in indoor settings.
It is also important for individuals, especially those with a compromised immune system, to stay updated with COVID-19 vaccinations and follow CDC guidance on when to end isolation and quarantine.