Geography and Demographics
Malawi, a jewel of Southeastern Africa, presents a rich tapestry of geographical features and a diverse demographic landscape.
From the highlands to the temperature of its climate, this landlocked country offers unique insights into both its environment and its people.
Landscape and Climate
Lying within the East African Rift Valley, Malawi’s topography is defined by its high plateaus, sprawling lakes, and deep valleys.
Its most striking geographical feature is Lake Malawi, also known as Lake Nyasa, which covers over one-fifth of the country’s total area and borders Tanzania and Mozambique.
The Great Rift Valley runs through the country, shaping its distinct geographical highlands.
The country’s climate is sub-tropical, affording it distinct wet and dry seasons, with the highlands experiencing cooler temperatures and heavier rains.
Cities and Population
Malawi’s population is estimated to be over 19 million as of 2021, which is expected to more than double by 2050.
Malawi’s capital city, Lilongwe, is a focal point of political and economic activities, while Blantyre serves as the country’s commercial hub.
Another significant urban center is Zomba, a city known for its historical significance as the former capital.
The population is predominantly rural, however, with many engaged in agriculture and fishing, especially in areas surrounding its vast lakes.
Malawi’s unique positioning, bordered by Tanzania to the north, Zambia to the west, and Mozambique embracing both its east and southern regions, adds to its demographic and cultural tapestry.
Government and Economy
Malawi operates as a democratic republic, with a significant focus on agricultural output as the backbone of its economic structure.
Political Structure
The Republic of Malawi, once part of the British protectorate of Nyasaland, gained its independence in 1964 and has since been establishing its political governance based on a democratic constitution.
The President, who is both the head of state and government, is elected through democratic elections every five years.
Current President Lazarus Chakwera, leads the nation’s executive branch.
Meanwhile, the legislative power is vested in a unicameral National Assembly, and the independence of the judiciary is a constitutional right.
Economic Overview
Malawi’s economy is primarily driven by agriculture, which employs more than 80% of the population.
The agricultural sector is dominated by tobacco, tea, and sugar exports, which are pivotal for the country’s Gross National Income (GNI).
Additionally, the Malawian Kwacha serves as the legal tender and is essential in the nation’s trade and monetary policy.
Malawi’s economic growth prospects are responsive to its political stability and climatic conditions that frequently affect the agricultural yield.
According to the World Bank, Malawi’s economy is projected to grow by 2.0% in 2024.
However, this growth is still challenged by the high population growth rate, and efforts to promote economic expansion often concentrate on increasing energy access and managing macroeconomic imbalances.