After California added $2 a pack in 2017, the share of households buying cigarettes fell from 10.6% to 4.2% by 2022, but low-income households that kept buying saw yearly spending climb from $651 to $1,343.
A Nature Reviews Psychology review finds people rate their own authenticity above others' and expect it to keep rising. The evidence fits authenticity as self-enhancement and self-ownership far better than accurate self-knowledge.
In two preregistered experiments, students given unanswerable questions before reading a textbook excerpt learned more than those who just read or who first saw learning objectives, with small to medium Bayesian effects favoring prequestions.
In a field experiment, just 1.7% of people offered a free 13-week online subscription to the Philadelphia Inquirer or Pittsburgh Post-Gazette signed up, mostly older Democrats, and neither the offer nor promoted Facebook stories changed knowledge or attitudes.
Using the abrupt end of China's sent-down movement as a natural experiment, a survey of 1,821 urban-born adults finds those sent down are more risk averse, more altruistic and more reciprocal, yet less supportive of redistribution and less trusting of government.
Using World Values Survey data from 2007, 2012 and 2018, a study finds Chinese people born after 1980 reject cheating, theft and violence more firmly than older cohorts, while acceptance of all three fell across the population, from about .26 to .16 for fare evasion and violence.
Across five studies, people linked exclamation points more with women than men, and women thought harder and felt less sure about using them. Messages with exclamations left more positive impressions overall, whoever sent them.
Comparing U.S. law professors on Twitter with synthetic control groups of similar colleagues, researchers found joining raised citations by 22% per year and lifted journal placements by up to 10 ranks.
Comparing six breached Florida hospitals with six matched ones across 1.3 million emergency admissions, researchers found breaches were followed by 0.56 fewer hours to admission, 0.18 fewer days to treatment and a one-point drop in heart attack mortality.
After Spotify removed R. Kelly from its playlists in 2018, streams of the delisted songs fell about 25% while his other songs dropped only 3.8%. The 2019 documentary and #MuteRKelly calls actually raised streams, by 117.74% in the following week.